The Hadamard gate

The Hadamard gate is a type of single-qubit quantum gate—a basic operation that can be applied to a qubit. Like all quantum gates, the Hadamard gate is a unitary transformation on a Hilbert space, and it is defined as follows:

When acted on either of the basis states, the Hadamard gate produces an even superposition of and :

with either of the measurement outcomes being equally likely.

Additionally, the Hadamard operation is its own inverse; applying it twice returns a qubit to its original state:

where is the identity matrix.

See also

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